Aplicação de calor no períneo durante o parto: uma revisão scoping
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.53795/rapeo.v22.2022.22Resumo
Objetivo: Conhecer a evidência científica sobre a aplicação de calor no períneo durante o 2º estádio do trabalho de parto (TP).
Métodos: Foi utilizada a metodologia JBI para Scoping Reviews [1]. Foram realizadas pesquisas nas plataformas Medline, CINAHL e Cochrane em fevereiro de 2022 com a questão de investigação “Quais os efeitos da aplicação de calor no períneo da parturiente no 2º estádio de trabalho de parto?”. Uma pesquisa adicional foi realizada na Google Scholar. Não foram aplicados limites temporais e foram incluídos estudos na língua inglesa, portuguesa e espanhola. Foram excluídas teses de mestrado e doutoramento.
Resultados: 15 artigos foram analisados. Obteve-se uma redução significativa da dor durante o 2º estádio de TP e nos 2 primeiros dias pós-parto, maiores taxas de períneos íntegros no grupo de intervenção; nenhuma diferença nas taxas de laceração perineal de Grau I ou II, uma menor taxa de lacerações de Grau 3 e 4 e menores taxas de episiotomia.
Conclusões: A aplicação de calor no períneo durante o 2º estadio do TP reduz os níveis de dor, diminui as Lacerações de Grau 3 e 4 e alguns estudos revelaram o aumento da incidência de períneo íntegro e a diminuição do risco de episiotomia.
Referências
- The Joanna Briggs Institute. (2020). The Joanna Briggs Institute Reviewers’ Manual 2020: Methodology for JBI scoping reviews. Joanne Briggs Institute, 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107415324.004
- Ibrahim, H. A.-F., Elgzar, W. I., & Hassan, H. E. (2017). Effect of Warm Compresses Versus Lubricated Massage during the Second Stage of Labor on Perineal Outcomes among Primiparous Women. Journal of Nursing and Health Science, 6(4), 64–76. https://doi.org/10.9790/1959-0604056476
- The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. (2016b). Practice Bulletin No. 165 Summary: Prevention and Management of Obstetric Lacerations at Vaginal Delivery. Obstet Gynecol. https://journals.lww.com/greenjournal/Fulltext/2016/07000/Practice_Bulletin_No__165__Prevention_and.46.aspx
- Eskandar, O., & Shet, D. (2009). Risk factors for 3rd and 4th degree perineal tear. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 29(2), 119–122. https://doi.org/10.1080/01443610802665090
- Hastings-Tolsma, M., Vincent, D., Emeis, C., & Francisco, T. (2007). Getting Through Birth in One Piece. MCN, The American Journal of Maternal/Child Nursing, 32(3), 158–164. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.nmc.0000269565.20111.92
- Albers, L. L. (2003). Reducing genital tract trauma at birth: Launching a clinical trial in midwifery. Journal of Midwifery and Women’s Health, 48(2), 105–110. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1526-9523(02)00415-4
- Wilson, A. N., & Homer, C. S. E. (2020). Third- and fourth-degree tears: A review of the current evidence for prevention and management. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 60(2), 175–182. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajo.13127
- Coelho, L. F. dos S. (2008). O Treino Da Flexibilidade Muscular E O Aumento Da Amplitude De Movimento: Uma RevisÃo CrÍtica Da Literatura. / the Muscular Flexibility Training and the Range of Movement Improvement: a Critical Literature Review. Revista Motricidade, 4(4), 59–70. http://ezproxy.usherbrooke.ca/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=s3h&AN=43937793&site=ehost-live
- Behmanesh, F., Pasha, H., & Zeinalzadeh, M. (2009). The effect of heat therapy on labor pain severity and delivery outcome in parturient women. Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal, 11(2), 188–192.
- Ahmad, E. R., & Turky, H. A. (2010). Effect of Applying Warm Perineal Packs During the second stage of labor on perineal pain among primiparous women. 8, 1–26. http://www.aamj.eg.net/journals/pdf/1286.pdf
- East, C. E., Sherburn, M., Nagle, C., Said, J., & Forster, D. (2012). Perineal pain following childbirth: Prevalence, effects on postnatal recovery and analgesia usage. Midwifery, 28(1), 93–97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.midw.2010.11.009
- Dahlen, H. G., Homer, C. S. E., Cooke, M., Upton, A. M., Nunn, R., & Brodrick, B. (2007). Perineal outcomes and maternal comfort related to the application of perineal warm packs in the second stage of labor: a randomized controlled trial. Birth (Berkeley, Calif.), 34(4), 282–290. http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mdc&AN=18021143&lang=pt-pt&site=ehost-live
- QCG - Queensland Clinical Guidelines. (2020). Maternity and Neonatal Clinical Guideline Perineal care. www.health.qld.gov.au/qcg%0ACultural
- Peters, M., Godfrey, C., McInerney, P., Munn, Z., Tricco, A., & Khalil, H. (2020). Scoping Reviews. In E. Aromataris & Z. Munn (Eds.), JBI Manual for Evidence Synthesis. Joanna Briggs Institute Reviewer’s Manual. https://synthesismanual.jbi.global
- Akbarzadeh, M., Vaziri, F., Farahmand, M., Masoudi, Z., Amooee, S., & Zare, N. (2016). The Effect of Warm Compress Bistage Intervention on the Rate of Episiotomy, Perineal Trauma, and Postpartum Pain Intensity in Primiparous Women with Delayed Valsalva Maneuver Referring to the Selected Hospitals of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences in . Advances in Skin and Wound Care, 29(2), 79–84. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.ASW.0000476073.96442.91
- Healy, M., Nyman, V., Spence, D., Otten, R. H. J., & Verhoeven, C. J. (2020). How do midwives facilitate women to give birth during physiological second stage of labour? A systematic review. PLoS ONE, 15(7 July), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0226502
- Aasheim, V., Abv, N., Lm, R., & Lukasse, M. (2017). Perineal techniques during the second stage of labour for reducing perineal trauma ( Review ) SUMMARY OF FINDINGS FOR THE MAIN COMPARISON. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 6. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD006672.pub3.www.cochranelibrary.com
- Fahami, F., Behmanesh, F., Valiani, M., & Ashouri, E. (2011). Effect of heat therapy on pain severity in primigravida women. Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research, 16(1), 113–116. http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mdc&AN=22039388&lang=pt-pt&site=ehost-live
- Magoga, G., Saccone, G., Al-Kouatly, H. B., Dahlen G, H., Thornton, C., Akbarzadeh, M., Ozcan, T., & Berghella, V. (2019). Warm perineal compresses during the second stage of labor for reducing perineal trauma: A meta-analysis. European Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, 240(June), 93–98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejogrb.2019.06.011
- Alihosseni, F., Abedi, P., Afshary, P., Haghighi, M. R., & Hazeghi, N. (2018). Investigating the Effect of Perineal Heating Pad on the Frequency of Episiotomies and Perineal Tears in Primiparous Females. Medical - Surgical Nursing Journal, 7(1), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.5812/msnj.82588
- Lindgren, H. E., Brink, Å., & Klinberg-Allvin, M. (2011). Fear causes tears - Perineal injuries in home birth settings. A Swedish interview study. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 11. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2393-11-6
- Modoor, S., Fouly, H., & Rawas, H. (2021). The effect of warm compresses on perineal tear and pain intensity during the second stage of labor: A randomized controlled trial. Belitung Nursing Journal, 7(3), 210–218. https://doi.org/10.33546/bnj.1452
- Thenu, U., Irianta, T., Madya, F., Sunarno, I., Lotisna, D., & Farid, R. B. (2019). Perineal Warm Compresses During the Second Stage of Labour Decrease Incidence and Degree of Perineal Laceration in Primiparous. Gynecology & Reproductive Health, 3(2), 3–8. https://doi.org/10.33425/2639-9342.1078
- ACNM: The American College of Nurse-Midwives. (2016). Share with women : Perineal massage in pregnancy. Journal of Midwifery & Women’s Health, 143–144.
- ACOG: The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. (2016b). Practice Bulletin No. 165 Summary: Prevention and Management of Obstetric Lacerations at Vaginal Delivery. Obstet Gynecol. https://journals.lww.com/greenjournal/Fulltext/2016/07000/Practice_Bulletin_No__165__Prevention_and.46.aspx
- Kataoka, Y., Eto, H., Iida, M., Yaju, Y., Asai, H., Sakurai, A., Tadokoro, Y., & Horiuchi, S. (2012). Japan Academy of Midwifery: 2012 evidence-based guidelines for midwifery care during childbirth. Journal of Japan Academy of Midwifery, 26(2), 275–283. https://doi.org/10.3418/jjam.26.275
- Ordem dos Enfermeiros, Torgal, A. L., Sales, C., Dias, I., Tavares, M., Odilon, N., Souto, P., Miguel, P., Pestana, R., Machado, S., Antunes, V., & Cardoso, V. (2019). Livro de Bolso: Programas de Preparação para o Parto, Adaptação à Parentalidade e ao Pós-Parto. Ordem dos Enfermeiros.
- World Health Organization. (2018). WHO recommendations Intrapartum care for a positive childbirth experience. http://www.who.int/reproductivehealth/publications/intrapartum-care-guidelines/en/
- RCM: The Royal Colllege of Midwifes. (2012). Evidence based guidelines for midwifery-led care in labour: Care of the perineum. Royal College of Midwives, 9. https://www.rcm.org.uk/media/2278/evidence-based-guidelines-care-of-the-perineum.pdf
- RCOG: Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. (2018). The Management of Third and Fourth-degree Perineal Tears - Green-top Guideline No.29. In Smart Obstetrics and Gynecology Handbook (Issue 29). https://doi.org/10.5005/jp/books/13082_12
- Women’s Healthcare Australasia. (2019). The How to Guide: WHA CEC Perineal Protection Bundle. August. https://women.wcha.asn.au/collaborative/intervention-bundle
- Associação Portuguesa dos Enfermeiros Obstetras/Ordem dos Enfermeiros. (2012). Pelo direito ao parto normal: Uma visão partilhada (Ordem dos Enfermeiros (ed.).
10.53795